The Dards, Dardistan and its Linguistic Diversity

  • Zubair Torwali Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi (IBT) i.e Institute for education and development
Keywords: Dardistan

Abstract

The paper traces the brief history of the geo-cultural region known in academia as Dardistan, a brief note on the history of the inhabitants of Dardistan, the Dards and the linguistic diversity this region with a major focus on North Pakistan. After the history of Dardistan, the Dards a brief note on each of the languages is given along with three words in of each language transliterated in International Phonetic Alphabets (IPA) and translated into English.

References

Barrow, E. G. (1885). Dardistan and Kafiristan. Culcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India.

Barth, F. (1956). Indus and Swat Kohistan: An Ethnographic Survey. Oslo.

Biddulph, J. (1880). Tribes of Hindoo Koosh. Calcutta: Office of the superintendent of government printing .

Cacopardo, A. M., & Cacopardo, A. S. (2001). Gates of Peristan: History, Religion and Society in the Hundu Kush. Rome: Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO).

Cacopardo, A. S. (2016). A World In-Between: The pre-Islamic Cultures of the Hindu Kush. Eurasiatica, 243-270.

Clark, G. E. (1977). Who are the Dards? Review of the ethnographic literature of the North-Western Himalaya. Kailash, 324-355.

Emeneau, M. B. (1956). India as a Linguistic Area. language, 3-16.

Ethnologue. (2021). Pakistan, 24th edition. (D. M. Eberhard, F. S. Gray, D. F. Charles, Editors, & S. International, Producer) Retrieved from Ethnologue: Languages of the World: https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK

Grierson, G. A. (1906). The Piśāca Languages of North-western India. London: Royal Asiatic Society .

Holzwarth, W. (1999). Chitral History, 1540-1660: Comments on Sources and Historiography. In E. Bashir, & Israr-ud-Din (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Hundu Kush Cultural Conference (pp. 117-134). Karachi: Oxford University Press.

Hopkirk, P. (2001). The Great Game: on secret service in High Asia. London: Oxford University Press.

Hutton, J. H. (1951). Caste in India: its nature, function and origins. London: Oxford University Press.

Jattmar, K. (1961). Ethnological Research in Dardistan 1958 preliminary report. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (p. 83). American Philosophical Society .

Keay, J. (1979). The Gilgit Game: The Explorers of the Western Himalaya 1865-1895. London: John Murray (Publishers) Ltd.

Kreutzmann, H. (2008). Kashmir and the Northern Areas of Pakistan: Boundary making along contested frontiers.

Leitner, G. W. (1861). Dardistan. Lahore, British India: Government Central Book Depot.

Liljegren, H. (2021, April). The Hindu Kush–Karakorum and linguistic. Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, 7(2)

Lorimer, E. O. (1939). Language Hunting in the Karakoram. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.

Masica, C. P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press.

Morgenstierne, G. (1932). Report on a Linguistic Mission to North Western India. Oslo.

Moseley, C. (Ed.). (2008). Encyclopedia of World's Endangered Languages. Routledge.

O'Leary, C. F. (Ed.). (1992). Socio-linguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quad-e-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office, UK.

Tucci, G. (1977, December). On Swāt. The Dards and Connected Problems. (G. Tucci, Ed.) East and West, 27(1/4), 9-103.

Published
2021-11-16
How to Cite
TorwaliZ. (2021). The Dards, Dardistan and its Linguistic Diversity. Pashto, 50(662). Retrieved from http://www.pashto.org.pk/index.php/path/article/view/233
Section
Articles